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Piazza Navona: A Roman Gem Shaped by Travertine

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Piazza Navona is one of Rome’s most famous and vibrant squares, known for its beautiful Baroque architecture, lively atmosphere, and historical significance. Built on the site of the ancient Stadium of Domitian, this stunning piazza is a testament to Rome’s ability to blend its rich history with stunning artistry. Central to its charm is the use of travertine, a material that has been a staple of Roman architecture for centuries.

The History of Piazza Navona

Piazza Navona’s origins date back to the 1st century AD when Emperor Domitian built a large stadium, known as the Circus Agonalis, for athletic contests and games. The shape of the piazza today still mirrors the outline of the ancient stadium, making it one of the few places in Rome where the modern city layout reflects its ancient counterpart.

In the 15th century, the stadium’s site was transformed into a public space, and it gradually evolved into the bustling piazza we know today. During the Baroque period, the piazza underwent significant changes, with the addition of magnificent fountains and buildings that highlight the artistic achievements of the era.

The Role of Travertine in Piazza Navona

Travertine stone has been integral to the construction and beautification of Piazza Navona. Its durability and aesthetic appeal make it a perfect material for both structural and decorative purposes.

Key features involving travertine include:

  • Fountain of the Four Rivers: One of the piazza’s most famous landmarks is the Fountain of the Four Rivers (Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi), designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1651. This magnificent fountain features a travertine base supporting a large Egyptian obelisk, with four river gods representing the major rivers of four continents. The travertine provides a sturdy and elegant foundation for this intricate and iconic sculpture.
  • Sant’Agnese in Agone: The Church of Sant’Agnese in Agone, designed by Francesco Borromini, stands prominently on the west side of the piazza. The church’s façade, with its grand columns and detailed carvings, utilizes travertine to create a striking visual impact.
  • Paving and Pedestrian Areas: The piazza’s paving stones, many of which are made of travertine, create a cohesive and historically resonant look that ties the square to its ancient roots. The use of travertine in the pedestrian areas ensures a durable and visually appealing surface for the millions of visitors who walk through the piazza each year.

Fun Facts and Architectural Details

  • Name Origins: The name “Navona” is believed to have evolved from “in agone,” referring to the athletic competitions held in the ancient stadium. Over time, “in agone” became “navone” and eventually “Navona.”
  • Baroque Masterpieces: Piazza Navona is a showcase of Baroque art and architecture, with works by some of the era’s greatest artists, including Bernini, Borromini, and Giacomo della Porta.
  • The Market Tradition: For centuries, Piazza Navona has been a hub of market activity. In the 16th century, the piazza hosted a bustling market, and today, it continues to be a lively spot with street artists, musicians, and seasonal markets, especially during the Christmas season.
  • Water and Festivals: Historically, the piazza was sometimes flooded to create mock naval battles and festive water displays, a tradition that continued until the 19th century.
  • Cultural Significance: Piazza Navona has been featured in numerous films, books, and artworks, cementing its status as a cultural icon of Rome.

Piazza Navona: A Timeless Blend of History and Beauty

Piazza Navona is not just a beautiful square; it is a living museum of Roman history and Baroque art. The use of travertine in its construction has helped preserve its beauty and integrity, allowing visitors to experience the grandeur of Rome’s architectural heritage.

As you stroll through Piazza Navona, you are walking on stones that have witnessed centuries of history, from ancient athletic contests to Renaissance celebrations and modern-day festivals.

Inspired by the beauty of Piazza Navona? Bring a piece of Roman history home with our handcrafted travertine souvenirs, available at Made of Rome.